Introduction
Book publishers are having a tough time attracting new authors. Here is a scheme that will draw them irresistibly
and provide a new global market for existing titles. This essay is about the future of electronic publishing,
online books commonly called eBooks. It is less about on-demand publishing.
Why Authors Are Reluctant
Six book publishers have approached me about writing books on Java. Initially the idea was very exciting, but
quickly soured, why?
- Information is needed now, within hours. Traditional book publishing has far too long a lead time to
provide current information.
- Many people would need just a little of the information in the book, not the whole thing. They will not be
prepared to buy the whole book.
- Information goes stale. Even the well-respected Java In A Nutshell
contains errors because the language specification changed. The author needs the right to update the book.
- Trees are sacrificed for books that may be read only once or not at all.
- It is a waste of effort to research information and then restrict its audience only to affluent North
Americans who buy the book. The need for knowledge is global. The raw material should also be freely available
on the Internet.
- Authors don’t want to slave away for months writing a book that nobody buys. They want to be sure the
idea will work before investing huge amounts of their time.
The Solution
Consider something radically different from traditional book publishing — pay per view online books. online books are a cross between magazine, book and website.
In future, books will be composed online on the Internet. You can come and view the on-going work in progress,
much as you might watch a sidewalk artist. You can make comments, offer criticism, ask questions, and make
suggestions for future directions of the work. It becomes a collaborative process. Strange as it sounds, even if
you are silent, you can still contribute to the process by where you focus your attention in the book. Software
automatically monitors which parts of the book you are reading, and forwards the statistics to the authors. This
gives them clues about what is the most pressing thing to write about next.
There is already a pilot project of this form called The Java & Internet
Glossary. Any time a new Java-relevant term appears, usually within hours, there is a definition for
it and a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) reference in the glossary.
Paying
How do you pay? You can use the analogs from the printed world.
- Pay per view.
- Subscription.
- Via advertising of products likely to be of interest to readers of the online book.
- Via an Internet-general flat-rate receiver-pays per-packet
content-charge.
How Do Traditional Book Publishers Fit In?
Publisher provide:
- software for collecting pay-per-view fees from customers.
- editors to polish the more stable parts of the text.
- Publishers provide artists to produce illustrations.
- Publishers periodically take snapshots of the ongoing work for mass run paper versions of works that are
proving to be popular.
- print-on-demand factory to print and bind books from the most recent snapshot of the online work. The
customer gets to specify things like binding, size of type, monochrome or colour, resolution, paper quality,
and which chapters are required. The custom made books are then shipped by snail mail or FedEx.
- editing tools to authors to make their jobs easier.
Benefits to Book Publishers
- You don’t have to be omniscient. You invest almost nothing until a work has proved itself
popular.
- Your incremental costs per book sold are almost zero.
- You reach a global market with no extra effort.
- You keep selling the same work over and over even if there are only minor revisions.
- You totally scoop the paper-only publishers.
- Your books benefit from immediate customer feedback. You don’t have to wait for the reviews.
- Onlookers who helped construct a book will help sell it for you without pay by chatting it up on the
Internet.
- People will pay a small fee just to browse a book, or to take away a few crucial pages.
- It totally automates royalty payments and book orders.
- The technique permits you to put all your existing books online and start collecting pay per view
royalties from people who would otherwise go to libraries to borrow them.
- It lets you compete with all the completely free information on the Internet.
- If a customer uses a book almost every day, you get continuing revenue.
Technical Details
Customers need Java and an Internet connection to view your online books. The Java Applet acts like super HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), giving full PostScript or Acrobat PDF (Portable Document Format) displays, and all the hypertext linking ability. Books can be decorated
with animations and little programs that run themselves when you click them.
The Java Applet ensures people can’t read the book without paying the modest pay-per-view fee. You may
let people come in for 5 minutes at a time without fees, or to read free teaser information, or whatever other
rules turn out to work optimally to maximise sales.
The Java Applet may also control whether the customer is permitted to keep a permanent copy of what they
view.
The Magic Java Glossary
People asked questions about Java and the Internet in the newsgroups comp.lang.java.*. I answered most questions with See xxxx.
Sometimes there was no xxxx entry, but I quickly composed one on the fly. It gaves the illusion that the answer
to every conceivable question was already in the Java glossary. People sometimes imagined that if they did not
first see the answer, they must have inadvertently overlooked it.
Dealing With Information Overload
Quite often when I ask a question, some person will answer RTFM (Read The Fine Manual), RTFM. The problem is the manual is as
thick as War and Peace. I have not the time to read 29 manuals per day. When I do read manuals there are two
problems:
- Much of the material I know already. I still have to wade through it.
- Much of the material is about esoteric options that are almost never used. I still have to wade through
that too.
Wouldn’t it be great if a had an assistant who went through the manuals, and ripped out all the irrelevant
stuff. She would prepare me an executive summary, precisely aimed at my current level of understanding, much the
way the President of the USA is given executive summaries of various world problems.
If you had books in electronic form, the information could be coded in various ways with how advanced/esoteric
it is. The viewing software could then dynamically hide or reveal more details. This would make the electronic
books far more valuable than paper ones.
See my essay on essay on SCIDs. I am proposing creating
similar tools both for browsing program code and for browsing technical documentation. Think of documentation not
as a manual, but as a structured database.
Information Overload Categories
Information overload categories are a generalisation of footnotes, used in paper books, to get incidental
information out of the main stream. Potentially every paragraph and every illustration in the book could be
graded on four scales given a mark 1 to 10.
| Categories for Information Overload |
| Icon |
1 |
Scale |
10 |
Icon |
Comments |
 |
overview |
Detail |
detailed |
 |
How detailed this material is. This allows the reader to either get an overview or to get details. |
 |
easy |
Difficulty |
difficult |
 |
How difficult this material is. This would mainly be used to grade sample exercises. This allows the
reader to filter out material he likely already knows or material over his head for now. |
 |
mundane |
Surprise |
surprising |
 |
How unexpected this material is. This lets the reader focus on the meat and potatoes, the ordinary
cases, things as you might expect or focus on just the gotchas. |
 |
basic |
Rarity |
esoteric |
 |
How rarely used this material is. This lets the user focus on the basic options, the ones nearly
everyone uses, or look just at the rarely used ones once he knows the basics. Esoteric options are not
necessarily difficult, just rarely used. |
 |
cloudy |
Familiarity |
understood |
 |
This is not a category the author would normally assign. The reader assigns it as he learns the book to
mark off parts he already understands. That way he can either review material he already knows, or
concentrate just on the material he does not understand yet. The authors can use this
automatically-collected feedback from their readers to discover the sections of the book that need to be
re-written. |
 |
wrong |
Accuracy |
accurate |
 |
This is not a category the author would normally assign. The reader population as a whole assigns it by
their automatically collected feedback. They mark sections of a book they think may be erroneous,
misleading or unclear. This helps the author discover places in the book that need correction or rewrite
and warns other readers of potentially untrustworthy information. |
|---|
The icons shown are just to give a rough idea of the concept. An artist would
design the actual icons to have a consistent look.
The original authors may rate the paragraphs, and the readers too may so do, with feedback automatically
collected. Of course a reader’s rating take precedence for that particular reader.
The reader adjusts low and high limit on each of the six sliders. This temporarily limits what actually gets
displayed. To see everything, adjust all six sliders to include 0 to 10 on all six scales. You can change them at
any time. The coloured bar indicates the region you want to see.
| Information Overload Filter Sliders |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
| Detail |
|
|
|
| Difficulty |
|
|
|
| Surprise |
|
|
| Rarity |
|
|
|
| Familiarity |
|
|
|
| Accuracy |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recovering Filtered Material
If you have filtered out material, all is not lost. When you are viewing an electronic book, the sections left
out are replaced with one or more of the placeholder category icons. That way if you want more detail or
something simpler, than you are currently configured for, you can see it just by clicking the icons. You do net
need to reconfigure the filter sliders.
The icons are rather bulky, so you can replace them with coloured dots. You can also make up your own icons if
you like.
Here is an even more compact way to do it:
 |
There is more material available that rates too low on one or more scales to currently display. |
 |
There is more material available that rates too high on one or more scales to currently display. |
 |
There is more material available that rates both too low on one or more scales and too high on one or
more other ones to currently display. |
Here is yet an even more compact way to handle it.
Each bar represents a different category. The right bars represent undisplayed material rated too high to display
and the left bars represent undisplayed material rated too low to display. This is analogous to the information
overload filter sliders.
Margin Notes
You have the ability to add margin notes to your electronic book. Your notes are not lost when you get updates.
If you want, you may share your margin notes with other people. This is analogous to scribbling in the margins of
library books.
Change Bars
The filtering technique could also be used to show you just the newly updated material in a book. The reader
could also automatically generate change bars, so that any material changed since some given date would have
change bars on it.
Distribution
How do you distribute an online book when it is constantly changing? See my HTML Glossary Presenter and Automatic File Update student projects.
Adobe Acrobat
In 2001-03, I went to an Adobe seminar on Acrobat and PDF PDF. I was delighted to see that PDF is evolving nicely. It
already has many of the features I called for in the original version of this essay. There is an active PDF
development community. I think the sort of online authoring I envision will most likely evolve from PDF.
Adobe has invented Digital
Edition eBooks. There is nothing special about the content. They are just PDF files. The scheme is about
limiting who can view them and for how long. You can use such documents in a lending library. The Acrobat Reader reader honours limits embedded in the file.
Digital Webbooks
Digital Webbooks is another project to create
digital eBooks. It aims more creating compact, quickly downoaded documents, rather than feature-loaded ones as I
described here.
Summary
If Mike Nichols were to remake The Graduate, instead of plastics,
subpenny royalties would be whispered into Benjamin’s ear.
If you don’t surf the Java/Internet wave, it will bury you.
 |
recommend book⇒1984 |
| by |
George Orwell |
978-0-451-52493-5 |
paperback |
| birth |
1903-06-25 died: 1950-01-21 at age: 46 |
978-0-679-41739-2 |
hardcover |
| publisher |
New American Library |
978-0-547-41638-0 |
eBook |
| published |
1961-01-01 |
978-1-4332-0246-9 |
audio |
| |
B004EEP7JW |
kindle |
What happens when the state gets too much power. Political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind ~ George Orwell |
|
| Greyed out stores probably do not have the item in stock. Try looking for it with a bookfinder. |
On the other hand, we all should re-read
Orwell’s 1984 to see the consequences of failing to maintain an adequate change log. The other consequences
are legal. Without hard copy, digital signatures, or a permanent change log, what does slander mean?