Designing A Benchmark | 64-bit Timing Results |
Signum Benchmark | Discoveries |
Conformance Results | The Bottom Line |
32-bit Timing Results | Links |
C:\sys\TestSignum.exe com.mindprod.example.TestSignum JET (Just Enough Time) "Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB Vista JET 5.0" | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JET | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista JET 5.0 | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI (Systèm Internationale (metric)) | candidate | notes | ||
3,344,281,520 | 967,472,560 | 0.48 | 252.20 | piotr | Overall champ. Best algorithm and smartest compiler. Congratulations to Piotr and JET compiler team. | ||
4,137,639,200 | 1,760,830,240 | 0.88 | 138.57 | kobzda | |||
4,322,604,320 | 1,945,795,360 | 0.97 | 125.40 | wibble | |||
6,524,701,120 | 4,147,892,160 | 2.07 | 58.83 | signOf | |||
8,044,919,480 | 5,668,110,520 | 2.83 | 43.05 | lohi32 | |||
12,694,140,200 | 10,317,331,240 | 5.16 | 23.65 | signHalf | |||
13,431,391,400 | 11,054,582,440 | 5.53 | 22.07 | twoifs | |||
37,676,389,560 | 35,299,580,600 | 17.65 | 6.91 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
JET | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista JET 5.0 | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
3,362,579,280 | 984,360,880 | 0.49 | 247.88 | piotr | |||
4,129,492,920 | 1,751,274,520 | 0.88 | 139.33 | kobzda | |||
4,304,273,600 | 1,926,055,200 | 0.96 | 126.68 | wibble | |||
6,525,282,320 | 4,147,063,920 | 2.07 | 58.84 | signOf | |||
8,072,396,280 | 5,694,177,880 | 2.85 | 42.85 | lohi32 | |||
12,666,196,560 | 10,287,978,160 | 5.14 | 23.72 | signHalf | |||
13,476,031,320 | 11,097,812,920 | 5.55 | 21.99 | twoifs | |||
37,330,209,000 | 34,951,990,600 | 17.48 | 6.98 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
F:\Program
Files\java\jdk1.6.0_04\jre\bin\java.exe -server
com.mindprod.example.TestSignum java -server Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -server | |||||||
java -server | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -server | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
10,365,912,640 | 3,405,380,960 | 1.70 | 71.65 | signOf | |||
10,887,718,160 | 3,927,186,480 | 1.96 | 62.13 | piotr | |||
10,916,370,920 | 3,955,839,240 | 1.98 | 61.68 | kobzda | |||
10,949,379,320 | 3,988,847,640 | 1.99 | 61.17 | wibble | |||
11,818,289,520 | 4,857,757,840 | 2.43 | 50.23 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
14,373,547,000 | 7,413,015,320 | 3.71 | 32.92 | lohi32 | |||
14,923,013,480 | 7,962,481,800 | 3.98 | 30.64 | twoifs | |||
15,439,985,360 | 8,479,453,680 | 4.24 | 28.78 | signHalf | |||
java -server | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -server | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
10,287,585,920 | 3,274,022,320 | 1.64 | 74.53 | signOf | Best for Java -server | ||
10,926,949,360 | 3,913,385,760 | 1.96 | 62.35 | piotr | |||
10,930,609,120 | 3,917,045,520 | 1.96 | 62.29 | wibble | |||
10,963,141,200 | 3,949,577,600 | 1.97 | 61.78 | kobzda | |||
11,840,139,800 | 4,826,576,200 | 2.41 | 50.55 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
14,332,857,400 | 7,319,293,800 | 3.66 | 33.34 | lohi32 | |||
14,941,113,040 | 7,927,549,440 | 3.96 | 30.78 | twoifs | |||
15,539,811,080 | 8,526,247,480 | 4.26 | 28.62 | signHalf | |||
F:\Program
Files\java\jdk1.6.0_04\jre\bin\java.exe -server
com.mindprod.example.TestSignum java -client Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -client | |||||||
java -client | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -client | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
15,670,817,720 | 9,251,776,360 | 4.63 | 26.37 | kobzda | Best for Java -client | ||
16,377,826,160 | 9,958,784,800 | 4.98 | 24.50 | wibble | |||
16,478,109,161 | 10,059,067,801 | 5.03 | 24.26 | piotr | |||
17,164,541,520 | 10,745,500,160 | 5.37 | 22.71 | signHalf | |||
17,889,199,200 | 11,470,157,840 | 5.74 | 21.27 | signOf | |||
19,007,007,520 | 12,587,966,160 | 6.29 | 19.38 | lohi32 | |||
22,342,446,400 | 15,923,405,040 | 7.96 | 15.32 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
27,039,031,280 | 20,619,989,920 | 10.31 | 11.83 | twoifs | |||
java -client | Athlon dual core 3800-1 2GHz 1GB | Vista Oracle Java 1.6.0_04 -client | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
16,333,153,040 | 10,183,484,960 | 5.09 | 23.96 | wibble | |||
17,596,315,320 | 11,446,647,240 | 5.72 | 21.32 | piotr | |||
17,604,726,760 | 11,455,058,680 | 5.73 | 21.30 | kobzda | Oddly, slows down with optimisation. | ||
18,821,540,160 | 12,671,872,080 | 6.34 | 19.26 | signHalf | |||
18,935,385,120 | 12,785,717,040 | 6.39 | 19.08 | signOf | |||
21,277,398,960 | 15,127,730,880 | 7.56 | 16.13 | lohi32 | |||
23,869,804,600 | 17,720,136,520 | 8.86 | 13.77 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
C:\sys\TestSignum.exe com.mindprod.example.TestSignum JET "Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB Win2K JET 1.4" | |||||||
JET | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K JET 1.4 | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
5,281,784,696 | 2,365,144,732 | 1.18 | 103.16 | piotr | |||
5,506,891,519 | 2,590,251,555 | 1.30 | 94.20 | kobzda | |||
5,932,717,706 | 3,016,077,742 | 1.51 | 80.90 | wibble | |||
7,728,695,127 | 4,812,055,163 | 2.41 | 50.71 | signOf | |||
9,421,796,625 | 6,505,156,661 | 3.25 | 37.51 | lohi32 | |||
14,259,883,868 | 11,343,243,904 | 5.67 | 21.51 | signHalf | |||
16,185,063,465 | 13,268,423,501 | 6.63 | 18.39 | twoifs | |||
49,186,516,163 | 46,269,876,199 | 23.13 | 5.27 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
JET | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K JET 1.4 | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
5,243,209,123 | 2,335,581,199 | 1.17 | 104.47 | piotr | |||
5,479,713,763 | 2,572,085,839 | 1.29 | 94.86 | kobzda | |||
5,908,412,103 | 3,000,784,179 | 1.50 | 81.31 | wibble | |||
7,736,785,262 | 4,829,157,338 | 2.41 | 50.53 | signOf | |||
9,405,542,604 | 6,497,914,680 | 3.25 | 37.55 | lohi32 | |||
14,295,691,212 | 11,388,063,288 | 5.69 | 21.43 | signHalf | |||
16,225,925,362 | 13,318,297,438 | 6.66 | 18.32 | twoifs | |||
48,860,881,480 | 45,953,253,556 | 22.98 | 5.31 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
F:\Program
Files\java\jdk1.5.0_06\jre\bin\java.exe -server com.mindprod.example.TestSignum java -server Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB "Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -server" | |||||||
java -server | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -server | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
11,855,804,578 | 5,330,495,077 | 2.67 | 45.77 | lohi32 | ironically lohi is much faster before java -server optimises it. | ||
12,970,420,263 | 6,445,110,762 | 3.22 | 37.86 | wibble | |||
13,029,356,245 | 6,504,046,744 | 3.25 | 37.52 | kobzda | |||
13,102,492,356 | 6,577,182,855 | 3.29 | 37.10 | piotr | |||
14,446,682,190 | 7,921,372,689 | 3.96 | 30.80 | signOf | |||
17,703,303,073 | 11,177,993,572 | 5.59 | 21.83 | twoifs | |||
17,797,852,241 | 11,272,542,740 | 5.64 | 21.65 | signHalf | |||
19,075,627,489 | 12,550,317,988 | 6.28 | 19.44 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
java -server | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -server | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
10,638,250,951 | 8,546,872,019 | 4.27 | 28.55 | signHalf | |||
12,405,689,550 | 10,314,310,618 | 5.16 | 23.66 | signOf | |||
12,620,232,460 | 10,528,853,528 | 5.26 | 23.17 | lohi32 | ironically lohi is much faster before java -server optimises it. | ||
13,899,270,996 | 11,807,892,064 | 5.90 | 20.66 | twoifs | |||
14,287,446,588 | 12,196,067,656 | 6.10 | 20.01 | kobzda | |||
14,291,250,983 | 12,199,872,051 | 6.10 | 20.00 | wibble | |||
14,874,393,254 | 12,783,014,322 | 6.39 | 19.09 | piotr | |||
19,402,170,946 | 17,310,792,014 | 8.66 | 14.10 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
C:\Program
Files\java\jre1.5.0_06\bin\java.exe -client
com.mindprod.example.TestSignum java -client "Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -client" | |||||||
java -client | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -client | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
21,099,934,210 | 10,438,392,311 | 5.22 | 23.38 | kobzda | |||
22,147,754,533 | 11,486,212,634 | 5.74 | 21.24 | piotr | |||
24,760,747,246 | 14,099,205,347 | 7.05 | 17.31 | twoifs | |||
24,996,750,704 | 14,335,208,805 | 7.17 | 17.02 | signOf | |||
25,543,174,342 | 14,881,632,443 | 7.44 | 16.40 | wibble | |||
29,203,051,785 | 18,541,509,886 | 9.27 | 13.16 | signHalf | |||
29,446,785,834 | 18,785,243,935 | 9.39 | 12.99 | lohi32 | |||
31,703,339,391 | 21,041,797,492 | 10.52 | 11.60 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
java -client | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692GHz 512MB | Win2K Oracle Java1 1.5.0_06 -client | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
23,360,680,757 | 12,805,052,877 | 6.40 | 19.05 | piotr | |||
23,392,697,117 | 12,837,069,237 | 6.42 | 19.01 | kobzda | |||
23,556,589,176 | 13,000,961,296 | 6.50 | 18.77 | wibble | |||
24,707,445,220 | 14,151,817,340 | 7.08 | 17.24 | twoifs | |||
27,133,499,090 | 16,577,871,210 | 8.29 | 14.72 | signOf | |||
27,842,990,101 | 17,287,362,221 | 8.64 | 14.11 | signHalf | |||
30,607,897,651 | 20,052,269,771 | 10.03 | 12.17 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
30,873,779,488 | 20,318,151,608 | 10.16 | 12.01 | lohi32 | |||
java.exe com.mindprod.example.TestSignum Eclipse 3.1 Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692 GHz 512MB "Win2K Eclipse 3.1 JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.5.0_06" | |||||||
Eclipse 3.1 | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692 GHz 512MB | Win2K Eclipse 3.1 JDK 1.5.0_06 | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
22,594,342,577 | 8,545,130,457 | 4.27 | 28.55 | kobzda | kobzda looks as if it runs better cold but if you look at the elapsed times, it actually runs better warm. This must be some problem with measuring the overhead. | ||
23,378,348,086 | 9,329,135,966 | 4.66 | 26.15 | wibble | |||
23,608,897,779 | 9,559,685,659 | 4.78 | 25.52 | piotr | |||
26,063,079,525 | 12,013,867,405 | 6.01 | 20.31 | twoifs | |||
29,183,365,205 | 15,134,153,085 | 7.57 | 16.12 | signHalf | |||
30,359,019,094 | 16,309,806,974 | 8.15 | 14.96 | lohi32 | |||
30,661,922,396 | 16,612,710,276 | 8.31 | 14.69 | signOf | |||
34,313,033,919 | 20,263,821,799 | 10.13 | 12.04 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
Eclipse 3.1 | Athlon XP 2000+ 1.692 GHz 512MB | Win2K Eclipse 3.1 JDK 1.5.0_06 | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
21,875,532,225 | 10,672,795,564 | 5.34 | 22.86 | kobzda | |||
23,023,551,317 | 11,820,814,656 | 5.91 | 20.64 | twoifs | |||
23,298,356,356 | 12,095,619,695 | 6.05 | 20.17 | piotr | |||
23,373,526,803 | 12,170,790,142 | 6.09 | 20.05 | wibble | |||
24,893,875,897 | 13,691,139,236 | 6.85 | 17.82 | signOf | |||
27,303,411,467 | 16,100,674,806 | 8.05 | 15.15 | signHalf | |||
27,691,829,548 | 16,489,092,887 | 8.24 | 14.80 | lohi32 | |||
33,171,950,066 | 21,969,213,405 | 10.98 | 11.11 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
java.exe com.mindprod.example.TestSignum Oracle java -server 64bit Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB "Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.5.0_06-b05, mixed mode)" | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oracle java -server 64bit | Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB | Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.5.0_06-b05, mixed mode) | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
8,723,701,000 | 1,051,999,000 | 0.53 | 231.94 | lohi32 | Ironically, lohi is 2.25 times faster before java -server optimises it. | ||
9,487,317,000 | 1,815,615,000 | 0.91 | 134.39 | wibble | |||
9,504,710,000 | 1,833,008,000 | 0.92 | 133.11 | kobzda | |||
9,826,029,000 | 2,154,327,000 | 1.08 | 113.26 | piotr | |||
9,855,598,000 | 2,183,896,000 | 1.09 | 111.73 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
10,589,746,000 | 2,918,044,000 | 1.46 | 83.62 | signOf | |||
14,435,002,000 | 6,763,300,000 | 3.38 | 36.08 | signHalf | |||
16,302,964,000 | 8,631,262,000 | 4.32 | 28.27 | twoifs | |||
Oracle java -server 64bit | Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB | Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.5.0_06-b05, mixed mode) | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
4,741,824,000 | 2,491,146,000 | 1.25 | 97.95 | signHalf | |||
5,435,073,000 | 3,184,395,000 | 1.59 | 76.62 | lohi32 | |||
5,643,139,000 | 3,392,461,000 | 1.70 | 71.92 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
5,955,541,000 | 3,704,863,000 | 1.85 | 65.86 | signOf | |||
6,656,652,000 | 4,405,974,000 | 2.20 | 55.38 | twoifs | |||
6,721,896,000 | 4,471,218,000 | 2.24 | 54.57 | piotr | |||
7,129,801,000 | 4,879,123,000 | 2.44 | 50.01 | wibble | |||
7,143,288,000 | 4,892,610,000 | 2.45 | 49.87 | kobzda | |||
java.exe com.mindprod.example.TestSignum Mustang beta java -server 64bit Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB "Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-beta-b59g, mixed mode)" | |||||||
Mustang beta java -server 64bit | Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB | Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-beta-b59g, mixed mode) | Cold | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
8,948,042,000 | 698,080,000 | 0.35 | 349.53 | Oracle Long.signum | |||
9,205,451,000 | 955,489,000 | 0.48 | 255.37 | signOf | |||
9,484,249,000 | 1,234,287,000 | 0.62 | 197.68 | kobzda | |||
9,494,643,000 | 1,244,681,000 | 0.62 | 196.03 | wibble | |||
9,688,812,000 | 1,438,850,000 | 0.72 | 169.58 | piotr | |||
13,622,480,000 | 5,372,518,000 | 2.69 | 45.42 | lohi32 | |||
14,125,964,000 | 5,876,002,000 | 2.94 | 41.52 | twoifs | |||
15,621,429,000 | 7,371,467,000 | 3.69 | 33.10 | signHalf | |||
Mustang beta java -server 64bit | Opteron 244 (x86_64 SMP) 1793MHz 2048MB | Linux/2.6.15-git12-6-smp Java HotSpot(TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-beta-b59g, mixed mode) | Warm | ||||
elapsed ns | cpu ns | call ns | SI | candidate | notes | ||
8,966,063,000 | 700,519,000 | 0.35 | 348.31 | Oracle Long.signum | Overall winner in the 64-bit category. It is 40% faster than the best of the competition. The algorithm moved from last place in the 32-bit category to first when run on the sort of hardware and JVM it was designed for. It is a very simple algorithm that needs no optimising to perform well. | ||
9,236,622,000 | 971,078,000 | 0.49 | 251.27 | signOf | |||
9,477,793,000 | 1,212,249,000 | 0.61 | 201.28 | wibble | |||
9,503,623,000 | 1,238,079,000 | 0.62 | 197.08 | kobzda | |||
9,704,868,000 | 1,439,324,000 | 0.72 | 169.52 | piotr | |||
13,674,181,000 | 5,408,637,000 | 2.70 | 45.11 | lohi32 | |||
14,141,835,000 | 5,876,291,000 | 2.94 | 41.52 | twoifs | |||
15,650,443,000 | 7,384,899,000 | 3.69 | 33.04 | signHalf |
Ranking 32-bit Optimisers From Signum Benchmark Results | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Run Time | Warm SI | Best Warm Algorithm | Cold SI | Best Cold Algorithm |
JET 5.0 | 252.2 | piotr | 247.88 | piotr |
Java -server | 74.53 | signOf | 71.65 | signOf |
Java -client | 23.96 | wibble | 26.37 | kobzda |
Piotr, kobzda or signhalf are the best algorithms, depending on platform. Wibble does best before the optimiser has time to kick in.
This is a very narrow test and should not be taken as indicative of overall speed in real world situations.
I would like to thank every who participated and especially congratulate to Peter Kobzda who designed the overall fastest algorithm and the JET compiler team whose optimisation skills embedded in the JET AOT (Ahead Of Time) compiler converted it into the fasted machine code.
If you think you can beat these results, please feel free to submit more entries.
It would be nice to see some JET results on a 64-bit machine (you can use the free or evaluation version).
It would also be nice to see what happens on some high end 64-bit hardware, especially various Oracle workstations. After all, this is the hardware the Java developers were using the tune the JVM code.
This is why TestSignum does a pretrial, to give the optimiser time to notice what needs optimising and collect statistics. The main task sleeps for 5 seconds after the warmup to give the background optimising threads plenty of time to complete their optimisations. It would be silly to do this in a real application, but it is a reasonable solution for a microbenchmark.
To discover how much warmup time you need with JRockit, run with -Xverbose:opt which prints out trace details on optimizations as they happen. When messages stop appearing, you’ve reached stable state. The time varies from a few seconds (for a microbenchmark) to many minutes (for a large application with thousands of classes).
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